Blog

<h3>1. Navigating Loss in Complex Families</h3> Loss is always a heavy burden, but in blended families with diverse relationships, the emotional and financial complexities can feel overwhelming. Imagine a family where a German man marries a Thai woman. Together, they raise children from the man’s first marriage, their own biological children, and perhaps even children the man has adopted from his Thai wife’s previous relationship. When such a family loses its anchor, the father, how can the German pension system step in to ensure all family members are cared for?The good news is that the German pension system is designed to be inclusive and compassionate. Whether children are biological or adopted, whether the surviving spouse is German or of another nationality, the system recognizes the needs of all eligible dependents and provides financial support accordingly.<h3>2. Inclusivity in Widow’s and Orphan’s Pensions</h3> In the German pension system, a widow’s pension is granted to the surviving spouse, regardless of nationality, as long as the marriage is legally valid and recognized. For children, the system takes a broad and inclusive view of eligibility. Biological children, adopted children, and even stepchildren (under certain circumstances) are entitled to orphan’s pensions, provided they were legally dependent on the deceased parent.In the case of a German man married to a Thai woman, the widow’s pension for the wife is calculated based on 55% (or 60% in certain cases) of the deceased husband’s pension entitlement. For the children, whether from his first marriage, the marriage to his Thai wife, or adopted children, each child is entitled to 10% of the deceased’s pension (or 20% if both parents are deceased).<h3>3. A Real-Life Scenario of Support</h3> Imagine a German man with a pension of €1,500 per month. He has two children from his first marriage, two biological children with his Thai wife, and one child adopted from his Thai wife’s previous relationship. Upon his death, the system steps in as follows:His Thai wife receives 55% of his pension as a widow’s pension, amounting to €825 per month. Each of the five children (biological, from his first marriage, and adopted) receives 10% of his pension as an orphan’s pension, equaling €150 per child. The total monthly payout from the pension system to the family would be €2,575 (€825 for the widow and €750 for the children). This amount far exceeds the original €1,500 pension, demonstrating how the system adjusts to meet the family’s expanded needs after the loss of the primary earner.<h3>4. Adopted Children and Equal Rights</h3> The German pension system ensures that adopted children have the same rights as biological children. If the German husband legally adopted his Thai wife’s child from a previous relationship, that child is treated as if they were his biological child. They are entitled to the same orphan’s pension as any of his other children, reinforcing the inclusivity and fairness of the system.<h3>5. Blended Families and Multiple Claims</h3> In blended families, where children from different relationships coexist, the system ensures that each eligible child receives their individual entitlement. The fact that some children are from the man’s first marriage or the current marriage, or were adopted, does not diminish or dilute their rights. Each child’s orphan’s pension is calculated separately, and there is no cap on the total amount paid to the family. This principle ensures that all dependents are treated equally and fairly.<h3>6. A System That Supports Diverse Families</h3>The German pension system’s design reflects its commitment to inclusivity and equity. It recognizes that modern families come in all shapes and sizes, with relationships that cross cultural and legal boundaries. By ensuring that widow’s and orphan’s pensions extend to all eligible dependents, the system provides a financial safety net for families navigating the complexities of loss.<h3>7. Moving Forward with Stability</h3> For a Thai wife who has lost her German husband, the certainty of financial support for herself and their children—whether biological or adopted—can provide much-needed stability during a challenging time. The knowledge that the pension system considers and respects the diverse dynamics of blended families allows families to focus on healing and rebuilding.While the loss of a loved one is irreplaceable, the German pension system ensures that no family is left without the resources they need. It bridges cultural and familial differences, offering not just financial support but a sense of security and care for families of all backgrounds.

When Loss Brings Financial Support: How the German Pension System Cares for Families of All Backgrounds

The widow’s pension from the German pension system is a separate social security benefit and does not form part of the deceased’s estate. This distinction is critical in understanding how mandatory inheritance shares for children are calculated and how the widow’s pension interacts—or more importantly, does not interact—with these shares.1. Widow’s Pension as a Social Security Benefit The widow’s pension is provided directly by the German pension insurance system to the surviving spouse. It is not a part of the estate but rather a benefit granted under social security law based on the deceased spouse’s pension entitlements. This means the widow’s pension is not included in the inheritance calculations and does not increase the share of the estate allocated to the widow.Mandatory inheritance shares, on the other hand, are calculated solely based on the value of the deceased’s estate, which includes assets such as cash, bank accounts, real estate, securities, and personal property. The widow’s pension is excluded from these calculations because it is not a transferable asset but a personal entitlement of the surviving spouse.2. Mandatory Inheritance Shares and Their Calculation Children’s mandatory inheritance shares are derived from the estate and are calculated as half of their legal inheritance share. For example, if the legal heirs include a widow and two children, the widow is entitled to 50% of the estate, while the remaining 50% is divided equally between the children. Each child’s mandatory share would then amount to 12.5% of the total estate.For instance, if the estate is valued at €300,000, each child would be entitled to €37,500 as their mandatory share. The widow’s pension, such as €825 per month, would not influence this calculation because it is not part of the €300,000 estate.3. Widow’s Additional Entitlements from the Estate Although the widow’s pension is separate from the estate, the widow may also claim additional entitlements from the estate under German inheritance law. These include rights to household items and other necessities to maintain her standard of living, often referred to as "Voraus." Such entitlements are deducted from the estate before the mandatory shares are calculated.For example, if household items valued at €20,000 are deducted from an estate worth €300,000, the remaining estate value is €280,000. The children’s mandatory shares would then be recalculated based on this reduced amount, lowering their individual shares to €35,000 each.4. The Widow’s Pension Does Not Affect Mandatory Shares The widow’s pension does not increase the portion of the estate allocated to the widow and does not reduce the mandatory inheritance shares of the children. It is an independent payment provided under social security law and exists outside the scope of inheritance law. This ensures that the pension is solely for the widow’s benefit and does not interfere with the distribution of the estate among the heirs.For instance, if the widow receives €825 per month as a pension and €150,000 from her share of the estate, the children’s mandatory shares are calculated based only on the remaining estate after the widow’s share and any deductions for entitlements like household items.5. Conclusion The widow’s pension is a distinct entitlement separate from the deceased’s estate and does not affect the calculation of children’s mandatory inheritance shares. While the pension provides financial support to the widow, it remains independent of the estate and is excluded from inheritance-related considerations. Additional entitlements, such as household items or a share of the estate, may indirectly reduce the estate available to other heirs but are separate from the widow’s pension. To ensure accurate distribution, professional legal advice and a detailed estate inventory are essential.

Impact of Widow's Pension on Children’s Mandatory Inheritance Shares

A Thai wife can be entitled to a widow’s pension from the German pension system, even if she has her own income or pension. However, the amount of the widow’s pension may be reduced if the widow’s income exceeds specific thresholds, as her earnings are partially offset against the pension. This article explains the criteria, calculation methods, and the implications of personal income, with detailed examples.&nbsp; 1. Criteria for Widow's Pension Entitlement The marriage must be legally valid and recognized. If the marriage was conducted in Thailand, the marriage certificate must be registered and authenticated by the German embassy or consulate. The marriage must have lasted at least one year unless the husband’s death was unexpected, such as due to an accident. The deceased husband must have completed the minimum qualifying period of five years of contributions to the German pension system through work, voluntary payments, or compensatory contributions.&nbsp; 2. Calculation of Widow's Pension The widow’s pension is calculated as a percentage of the pension that the deceased spouse was receiving or would have received at the time of death. For marriages concluded after January 1, 2002, the large widow’s pension amounts to 55% of the deceased spouse’s pension. For marriages concluded before that date, the percentage increases to 60%. The small widow’s pension, paid to younger widows or those without children, amounts to 25% of the deceased’s pension and is usually limited to 24 months.For instance, if a German husband had a pension of €1,500 per month after 40 years of contributions, his Thai wife would receive a large widow’s pension of 55%, which equals €825 per month. If their marriage had started before 2002, she would be entitled to 60%, amounting to €900 per month. In another case, if the deceased had accrued a smaller pension of €900 due to fewer contribution years, the widow would receive €495 monthly, provided she qualifies for the large widow’s pension.The small widow’s pension applies in cases where the widow is younger, has no children, and is not disabled. For example, if the husband received €1,200, the widow would be entitled to 25%, or €300 per month, for 24 months.&nbsp; 3. Impact of Personal Income on the Widow's Pension The German pension system offsets part of the widow’s personal income against her pension if it exceeds a defined threshold. As of 2023, the exempt amount (threshold) is €950.93 gross per month in former West Germany and €937.73 in former East Germany. Any income exceeding this threshold reduces the widow’s pension by 40% of the excess amount.For example, a Thai widow entitled to a large widow’s pension of €825 per month also receives a Thai pension of €1,200 gross monthly. The exempt amount is €950.93, leaving €249.07 subject to the 40% deduction. This results in a reduction of €99.63, lowering her widow’s pension to €725.37 gross per month.In contrast, if her income were €800, below the exempt amount, no deduction would apply, and she would receive the full €825.&nbsp; 4. Special Considerations for Income or Pensions from Thailand Income earned in Thailand, including pensions, self-employment earnings, or investments, may also affect the widow’s pension if it qualifies as income under German law. However, income from assets such as rental income or dividends is typically not offset against the widow’s pension.For instance, if a Thai widow receives €600 from a local Thai pension and €400 from rental income, only the pension income is considered for the offset. Since her pension income is below the threshold of €950.93, her German widow’s pension would not be reduced.&nbsp; 5. Impact on Pension Payments to Thailand The widow’s pension can be paid directly to Thailand. The amount remains unchanged unless subject to a reduction due to income offsetting. Taxation under the German-Thai double taxation agreement may apply, and the tax treatment should be clarified to ensure compliance.For example, a widow receiving €825 as a large widow’s pension and living in Thailand can have this amount transferred to her local account. However, if she earns additional income in Thailand exceeding the exempt amount, her pension may be reduced accordingly.&nbsp; 6. Marriage Date and Pension Calculation For marriages concluded before January 1, 2002, the large widow’s pension amounts to 60% of the deceased spouse’s pension, provided specific conditions (such as the age of the spouses) are met. For marriages concluded after this date, the percentage is 55%. The duration of the marriage also matters. If the marriage lasted less than one year, the widow may not qualify for the pension unless the death occurred unexpectedly.&nbsp; 7. Conclusion A Thai wife is entitled to a widow’s pension from the German pension system even if she has her own income or pension. However, her income exceeding the exempt amount will reduce her pension. The reduction depends on the excess amount but does not eliminate the pension entirely. Clear documentation and accurate reporting are essential to calculate entitlements correctly. Consulting the German Pension Insurance or a legal expert is advisable to ensure the process is transparent and all relevant rules are applied correctly.

Widow's Pension for a Thai Wife: Entitlement, Calculations, and Impact of Personal Income

1. Introduction Marriage and inheritance contracts offer different legal frameworks for securing a Thai partner. While marriage automatically provides social security benefits and residency rights, an inheritance contract allows for flexibility and control without the binding obligations of marriage. The decision between these two options depends on the priorities of the relationship and the desired level of legal commitment.&nbsp; 2. Social Security Benefits 2.1 Social security benefits are a significant advantage of marriage. A spouse is entitled to a survivor’s pension under German law if the deceased partner had accumulated pension rights. This ensures financial stability for the surviving spouse after the partner’s passing. Family health insurance allows the Thai partner to access healthcare through the German partner’s policy without additional costs. Furthermore, marriage provides access to long-term care insurance, offering financial support in cases of illness or disability.2.2 These benefits are automatic and exclusive to marriage. An inheritance contract cannot replicate social security entitlements, making marriage the better option for couples prioritizing these protections.&nbsp; 3. Residency Rights 3.1 Marriage simplifies obtaining residency rights for the Thai partner. A spouse can apply for a family reunification visa, which leads to a residence permit in Germany. After several years of marriage, the spouse may qualify for permanent residency or even naturalization, granting full integration into German society.3.2 Residency rights cannot be granted through an inheritance contract. Without marriage, the Thai partner must rely on separate visa applications, which often provide less stability and security.&nbsp; 4. Inheritance Contracts: Flexibility and Customization 4.1 Inheritance contracts are highly flexible, allowing the German partner to tailor financial arrangements. Conditional inheritance provisions ensure that the Thai partner receives assets only if specific obligations, such as caregiving duties, are fulfilled. For example, the contract may state that the partner inherits 50% of the estate if caregiving is provided until the German partner’s passing.4.2 Revocation clauses offer control and accountability. These clauses allow the German partner to amend or cancel the agreement if the Thai partner fails to meet the agreed terms. For instance, the contract could specify that it becomes void if the Thai partner terminates the relationship or neglects her responsibilities.4.3 The appointment of a trustee enhances enforceability. A neutral trustee manages the estate and ensures that conditions are met before distributing assets. Trustees also act as impartial witnesses, safeguarding the interests of other heirs and reducing the risk of disputes.&nbsp; 5. Tax Implications 5.1 Married partners benefit from favorable tax treatment in Germany. They enjoy a €500,000 inheritance tax exemption, while non-relatives in an inheritance contract are limited to a €20,000 exemption. Additionally, married partners face lower tax rates of 7% to 30%, compared to 15% to 30% for non-relatives.5.2 Proper tax planning can mitigate the financial impact of an inheritance contract. For instance, gifting assets under the €20,000 exemption limit every ten years reduces the taxable estate. Consulting with a tax advisor ensures compliance and maximizes financial efficiency.&nbsp; 6. Emotional Considerations 6.1 Open communication is essential to ensure that the Thai partner understands the purpose of an inheritance contract. Framing the agreement as mutual protection rather than distrust fosters a positive and respectful dynamic. Collaboration during the drafting process builds trust and alignment.6.2 A balanced approach is critical. Overly restrictive terms in an inheritance contract may lead to resentment, while fair and transparent conditions strengthen the relationship. Emotional considerations should align with legal objectives to ensure mutual satisfaction.&nbsp; 7. Choosing Between Marriage and Inheritance Contracts 7.1 Marriage is the better option when social security and residency rights are top priorities. It provides comprehensive legal protections and simplifies integration into German society. However, it also comes with automatic obligations and shared financial responsibilities.7.2 An inheritance contract is ideal for couples seeking tailored financial arrangements without the binding obligations of marriage. It allows for greater control over asset distribution and offers flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances. Combining inheritance contracts with care agreements and trusts provides a well-rounded solution.&nbsp; 8. Conclusion Marriage and inheritance contracts each have unique advantages and limitations. Marriage offers unparalleled social security benefits and residency rights but comes with fixed obligations under German law. Inheritance contracts provide flexibility and control, ensuring that financial arrangements reflect the couple’s unique needs. Legal and tax professionals should be consulted to tailor the chosen approach, ensuring fairness, long-term security, and mutual respect for both partners. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;O &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

Marriage vs. Inheritance Contracts: Comparing Social Security, Residency Rights, and Legal Flexibility

When a Thai partner provides care for her German companion until his death, legal and financial arrangements are vital to ensure fairness and security for both parties. Since a non-marital relationship often lacks the automatic legal protections of marriage, agreements such as inheritance contracts, care agreements, and trusts can offer clarity and security. This article explores practical ways a German man can protect his Thai partner, tying her entitlement to the fulfillment of caregiving duties, while also considering tax implications, family heirs, and mechanisms to prevent disputes.&nbsp; 1. The Purpose of an Inheritance Contract in Non-Marital Partnerships An inheritance contract is a legally binding document that allows the testator to determine how their estate will be distributed. It is particularly useful in relationships that:<ul><li>Do not involve marriage but require long-term financial security.</li><li>Aim to reward caregiving services with a significant share of the estate.</li><li>Protect the testator's wishes against potential legal challenges from family members. &nbsp; 2. Designing an Inheritance Contract with Care Clauses </li></ul>Key Provisions to Include <ul><li>Parties:The testator (the German man) and the beneficiary (the Thai partner). Description of Caregiving Duties:Tasks such as personal care, household management, and emotional support. A condition that caregiving continues until the testator’s death. </li><li>Entitlements:A specified percentage of the estate or designated assets such as a property or savings accounts. </li><li>Conditional Inheritance:The partner's entitlement is tied to the proper fulfillment of caregiving duties. Example Clause: "The beneficiary shall receive 50% of my estate if she continues to provide caregiving services until my passing." </li><li>Formal Requirements An inheritance contract must be notarized in Germany to be legally binding. </li></ul>It is advisable to include specific care obligations and procedures for monitoring compliance. &nbsp; 3. Combining Inheritance and Care Agreements A care agreement can supplement the inheritance contract, detailing the caregiving expectations and linking them to financial benefits.Structure of a Care Agreement<ul><li>Care Services:Clearly outline duties such as daily care, medical assistance, and companionship. </li><li>Compensation:Monthly payments during the testator's lifetime or a lump sum inheritance after death. </li><li>Verification of Services:Regular documentation or witness statements to confirm the services are being provided. </li><li>Mutual Termination Rights:Either party may terminate the agreement if obligations are not fulfilled. &nbsp; 4. Gifting as an Alternative to Immediate Security </li><li>Lifetime Gifts: Gifting assets during the testator’s lifetime can secure the Thai partner financially without relying solely on an inheritance. </li><li>Tax Advantage: Gifts under €20,000 (every 10 years) for non-relatives are tax-free. </li><li>Example of a Gifting Plan: Annual transfers of savings or partial ownership of a property while retaining a usufruct (lifetime right to use the property). &nbsp; 5. Use of Trusts for Additional Security A trust agreement allows a third-party trustee to oversee the inheritance process, ensuring that the Thai partner’s entitlements are safeguarded.</li></ul>Role of the Trustee: <ul><li>Neutral Verification:The trustee verifies whether caregiving duties were fulfilled as per the agreement. </li><li>Estate Administration:The trustee distributes assets only after conditions are met. </li><li>Protection Against Claims:Shields the estate from disputes by family heirs. &nbsp; 6. Mitigating Conflicts with Family Heirs In Germany, legal heirs (e.g., children) are entitled to a mandatory share (Pflichtteil), which cannot be overridden.</li></ul>Strategies to Minimize Conflict:<ul><li>Allocate a reasonable share to the Thai partner to avoid disproportionate claims. </li><li>Use a legacy (Vermächtnis) rather than naming her as a direct heir to respect mandatory inheritance rights. &nbsp; 7. Tax Implications and Solutions Tax-Free Amounts: The tax-free threshold for non-relatives is €20,000, with excess amounts taxed at 15% to 30%. Tax Mitigation Tactics: Documented Care Services:Caregiving can be considered partial payment, reducing the taxable estate value. Incremental Gifts:Periodic gifts during the testator’s lifetime can spread the financial impact over time. &nbsp; 8. Flexible Withdrawal Options for Both Parties Both the testator and the Thai partner should have the right to withdraw or modify the agreement under certain conditions.</li></ul>Withdrawal by the Testator: Permitted if the Thai partner:Fails to provide adequate care.Voluntarily ends the relationship. Withdrawal by the Thai Partner: Permitted if the testator:<ul><li>Fails to honor financial commitments during their lifetime.</li><li>Violates the agreed terms of the partnership. </li></ul>Neutral Arbitration: A trustee or mediator can handle disputes and ensure fairness for both parties. &nbsp; 9. Practical Steps to Implement the Agreement Consult Legal Experts:Work with an attorney specializing in inheritance law to draft a precise and enforceable agreement. Notarize the Agreement:Notarization ensures legal validity and minimizes future disputes. Document Care Services:Maintain logs of caregiving activities to support claims after the testator’s death. Appoint a Trustee:Designate a reliable trustee to manage and verify the agreement. &nbsp; 10. Conclusion A combination of an inheritance contract, care agreement, and trust arrangement offers the best security for a Thai partner who provides care until the end of the German man's life. These mechanisms ensure fair compensation for caregiving duties while protecting the testator’s wishes and addressing potential disputes with family heirs.By planning carefully and consulting legal and tax professionals, both parties can achieve a balanced and secure arrangement that respects their relationship dynamics and long-term needs.

How a German Man Can Secure His Thai Partner if She Cares for Him Until His Death

Settling an estate can be a complex and emotionally taxing process, especially in a bustling city like Bangkok. For those with Thai-German heritage, the unique cultural and legal nuances can present additional challenges. Thankfully, Thai-German Heritage Assistance offers specialized support to help simplify estate settlement for families navigating this intricate journey.

<figure id="figure-yxr4mp6sdpm5fh2pis"><img id="yxr4mp6sdpm5fh2pis" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1489599161/photo/benjakitti-forest-public-park-new-landmark-of-central-bangkok-with-office-building-aerial-view.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=hbwsVRpD_x7h0W6wOMffxcwJwWElFB6aUtFETW7YNXI=" alt="bangkok city estate" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h2>The Importance of Understanding Cultural Differences</h2>

One of the major hurdles in estate settlement is bridging the gap between different cultural expectations and legal systems. In Bangkok, where Eastern and Western traditions often intersect, Thai-German Heritage Assistance provides invaluable support by offering insights into both cultures. Their team is well-versed in navigating the intricacies of Thai customs while respecting German legal frameworks.

By understanding these cultural differences, families can avoid potential miscommunications and ensure that the wishes of the deceased are honored appropriately. This consideration is crucial for maintaining family harmony during what is often a difficult time.

<h2>Legal Expertise at Your Fingertips</h2>

The legal landscape in Bangkok can be complex, particularly when it involves cross-cultural elements. Thai-German Heritage Assistance employs legal professionals who specialize in both Thai and German laws. This dual expertise allows them to provide comprehensive advice tailored to the specific needs of clients with Thai-German backgrounds.

<figure id="figure-67i8d2oxkem5fh2pis"><img id="67i8d2oxkem5fh2pis" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1847814092/photo/businessman-and-lawyer-discuss-and-advice-on-contract-documents-legal-treaty-agreement.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=CMuoILnJP6Sk_jTp0j_yrKrlfEzaVusq50j4yRaLyr0=" alt="legal documents" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

From handling wills and probate issues to managing property transfers, their team ensures that all legal aspects of estate settlement are addressed efficiently. This expertise not only saves families time but also prevents costly legal mistakes that can arise from misunderstandings of local laws.

<h2>Personalized Support for Every Family</h2>

Every family’s situation is unique, and Thai-German Heritage Assistance acknowledges this by offering personalized support. They work closely with families to understand their specific needs and provide a tailored approach to estate settlement. This includes everything from financial planning to emotional support, ensuring that families feel supported throughout the process.

By taking a holistic approach, they ensure that all aspects of estate settlement are handled with care and precision. This personalized service is particularly beneficial for those dealing with the loss of a loved one, as it alleviates stress and provides peace of mind.

<figure id="figure-kmixbqzlnnm5fh2pis"><img id="kmixbqzlnnm5fh2pis" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/79328572/photo/father-and-children-in-park.jpg?b=1&s=2048x2048&w=0&k=20&c=AFuvSATmPqtfrBgYYU2EhkOb4V_4hgEgO3kchSBlaGQ=" alt="family support" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9"></figure>

<h2>Efficient Communication and Coordination</h2>

Effective communication is key to simplifying the estate settlement process. Thai-German Heritage Assistance excels in coordinating between various parties involved, including lawyers, financial advisors, and family members. Their ability to facilitate clear and concise communication helps streamline the entire process, reducing delays and preventing misunderstandings.

Through regular updates and transparent communication, families are kept informed every step of the way. This proactive approach ensures that all parties are aligned and working towards the same goals.

<h2>Conclusion: A Simplified Path Forward</h2>

Navigating estate settlement in Bangkok requires sensitivity to cultural nuances, legal expertise, and effective communication. Thai-German Heritage Assistance provides a comprehensive solution that addresses these needs, helping families with Thai-German heritage simplify their estate settlement process. By offering a blend of cultural understanding, legal proficiency, and personalized support, they ensure that families can move forward with confidence and peace of mind.

How Thai-German Heritage Assistance Simplifies Estate Settlement in Bangkok

Thai German - Heritage Assistance

We are here to support women in Thailand whose German partner has sadly passed away. With care and dedication, we take over the complete settlement of the estate, so you don’t have to face this challenging time alone. Our service is entirely risk-free: reaching out to us and having your case reviewed costs nothing. You only contribute a small portion of the inheritance – and only if we succeed in helping you.

Glossar

When Loss Brings Financial Support: How the German Pensio...

Impact of Widow's Pension on Children’s Mandatory Inherit...

Widow's Pension for a Thai Wife: Entitlement, Calculation...

Marriage vs. Inheritance Contracts: Comparing Social Secu...

How a German Man Can Secure His Thai Partner if She Cares...

How Thai-German Heritage Assistance Simplifies Estate Set...